Is SbCl5 polar or nonpolar?
SbCl5 is the molecular formula for antimony pentachloride. This is a colorless oil which seems yellowish in color due to it being dissolved in chlorine. This is a very harmful substance must be stored in a glass safely out of reach
This has a very pungent and offensive odor which appears liquidly in nature. This liquid is used in the dyeing process and also used in many organic chemical reactions.
Antimony pentachloride has a molecular mass of 299.02 g/mol. This compound consists of chlorine and antimony. The molar mass of this compound is calculated as below.
Molar mass of SbCl5= 5*35.453 (moll mass of chlorine) +1*121.760 (moll mass of antimony) = 299.025g/mol.
What are polar and nonpolar molecules?
Polar means those oppositely charged whereas nonpolar means those equally charged. The distribution of electric charge around the chemical groups or molecules or atoms can be known as polarity.
There are two types of molecules which are poplar and nonpolar molecules. Some molecules can be easily separable whereas some possesses both the characteristics of polar and nonpolar molecules and can be tricky to find out.
Polar molecules
Polar molecules are those molecules that occur when there is an electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms. When the two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond polar molecules are formed.
A dipole is formed when the molecules are carrying a slight positive charge and other carrying a slight negative charge. This is usually formed when there is a difference between electronegativity values of each atom. This is usually formed when there is a difference between electronegativity values of each atom.
By looking at the electronegativity at a table we are most likely to find out about which bond the atoms are most likely to form. If the electronegativity difference is anywhere between 0.4 to 2.0 then those atoms would form a polar bond.
Examples of polar molecules:
- Ammonia -NH3
- Water – H2O
- Ethanol – C2H6O
- Sulfur dioxide – SO2
- Hydrogen sulfide – H2S
Nonpolar molecules
In a nonpolar molecule there is no positive or negative charge poles. These molecules are formed when the electrons are evenly distributed. When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond the molecules do not get electrically charged. When two atoms have the same or similar electronegativity nonpolar molecules are formed. Unlike poplar bonds nonpolar bonds share the electrons equally.
When two atoms have the same or similar electronegativity nonpolar molecules will not get formed. Unlike polar bond nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. If the electronegativity is less than 0.5 the bond is considered to be a nonpolar. The electrons get shared equally because the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is zero.
Some examples of nonpolar bonds:
- Carbon dioxide – CO2
- Benzene – C6H6
- Methane – CH4
- Ethylene – C2H4
- Most organic compounds
Why is SbCl5 a nonpolar molecule?
When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond then in those cases occor nonpolar molecule. In this nonpolar bond molecules are distributed equally. These types of bond also forms when the atom sharing a poplar bond arranges in a way that the electric charge cancel out one another. SbCl5 is a nonpolar molecule because this bond has an equal sharing electrons between the atoms.
Is SbCl5 polar or nonpolar?
Electronegativity difference:
Electronegativity difference can be known as the propensity of a molecule to draw in solitary sets of electrons to itself from the sharing particle. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is less than 0.5 then this bond is considered to be a nonpolar bond.
In SbCl5 molecule this bond is made of chlorine and antimony. Chlorine having an electronegativity value of 3.16 and antimony having an electronegativity value of 2.05 causes this bond to have an electronegativity difference to be 1.11.
Lewis structure/ molecular geometry:
When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond then there occurs no electrical charge and the electrons get evenly distributed causing the bond to be a nonpolar bond. SbCl5 is a nonpolar molecule because it has a trigonal bipyramid shape which causes one atom to be at the center and other atoms to be at the corners.
Dipole moment:
Dipole can be known as molecules with two poles. A dipole moment is the measurement done to separate the two opposite electrically charged poles. A dipole moment can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between two atoms in a covalent bond. The product of the charge and distance between them is called the dipole moment. Dipole moments can help us to know the division of charges in a molecule. The product of the charge and distance between them is called the dipole moment. Dipole moments can help us to know the division of charges in a molecule.
In simple words the dipole moment of a molecule is the vector sum of the dipole moments present in the individual bonds in the molecules and since in this bond the individual bond dipole moments cancel out one another, there occurs no dipole moment.
Solubility principle:
This principle states that the likes are dissolved in likes meaning that polar molecules would dissolve in polar solvent and the nonpolar molecules would dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Properties
- It has a molecular weight of 299.03 g/mol.
- It appears yellowish liquid in nature.
- It has a boiling point of 140˚c.
- It has a melting point of 2.8˚c.
- It has an offensive odor.
Uses
- It is used in dyeing.
- It is used in many organic chemical reactions.
- It is used in polymerization catalyst for chlorination of organic compounds.
Conclusion
Antimony pentachloride is a colorless oil which seems yellowish in color due to it being dissolved in chlorine. Antimony pentachloride has a molecular mass of 299.02 g/mol. When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond then in those cases occur nonpolar molecule. In a nonpolar molecule there is no positive or negative charge poles.
SbCl5 is a nonpolar molecule because it has a trigonal bipyramid shape which causes one atom to be at the center and other atoms to be at the corners.
