Is kMnO4 polar or nonpolar?
KMnO4 is the molecular formula for the compound potassium permanganate. It appears as a purple blackish crystalline salt in nature. This compound dissolves highly in water. Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industries. It is also used as a strong oxidizing agent in laboratories.
Potassium permanganate consists of Manganese oxygen and potassium. It has a molecular mass of 158.034 g/mol. It is calculated as below
Molar mass of KMnO4 = 1*54.938049 (moll mass of manganese) + 4*994 (moll mass of oxygen) + 1*39.0983 moll mass of potassium) = 158.03394 g/mol.
What are polar and nonpolar molecules?
Polar means those oppositely charged whereas nonpolar means those equally charged. The distribution of electric charge around the chemical groups or molecules or atoms can be known as polarity.
There are two types of molecules which are poplar and nonpolar molecules. Some molecules can be easily separable whereas some possesses both the characteristics of olar and nonpolar molecules and can be tricky to find out.
Polar molecules
Polar molecules are those molecules that occur when there is an electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms. When the two atoms do not share electrons equally in a covalent bond polar molecules are formed.
A dipole is formed when the molecules are carrying a slight positive charge and other carrying a slight negative charge. This is usually formed when there is a difference between electronegativity values of each atom
By looking at the electronegativity at a table we are most likely to find out about which bond the atoms are most likely to form. If the electronegativity difference is anywhere between 0.4 to 2.0 then those atoms would form a polar bond.
Examples of polar molecules:
- Ammonia -NH3
- Water – H2O
- Ethanol – C2H6O
- Sulfur dioxide – SO2
- Hydrogen sulfide – H2S
Nonpolar molecules
In a nonpolar molecule there is no positive or negative charge poles. These molecules are formed when the electrons are evenly distributed. When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond the molecules do not get electrically charged.
When two atoms have the same or similar electronegativity nonpolar molecules will not get formed. Unlike polar bond nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. If the electronegativity is less than 0.5 the bond is considered to be a nonpolar. The electrons get shared equally because the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is zero.
Some examples of nonpolar bonds:
- Carbon dioxide – CO2
- Benzene – C6H6
- Methane – CH4
- Ethylene – C2H4
- Most organic compounds
Why is KMnO4 a nonpolar molecule?
When two atoms have the same or similar electronegativity nonpolar molecules will not get formed. In a nonpolar molecule there is no positive or negative charge poles. These molecules are formed when the electrons are evenly distributed. When the molecules share electrons equally in a covalent bond the molecules do not get electrically charged.
Potassium permanganate is an ionic molecule. Polar or nonpolar molecules usually refer to covalent molecules. In this bond the potassium does not give its electrons to the permanganate ion so the permanganate ion would be nonpolar.
Is KMnO4 polar or nonpolar?
Electronegativity difference:
Electronegativity difference can be known as the propensity of a molecule to draw in solitary sets of electrons to itself from the sharing particle. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is less than 0.5 then this bond is considered to be a nonpolar bond.
In KMnO4 molecule this bond consists of manganese oxygen and potassium. Manganese having an electronegativity value of .55 oxygen having an electronegativity value of 3.44 and potassium having an electronegativity value of 0.82 causes the electronegativity difference to be 1.07 causing this bond to be ionic in nature.
Lewis structure/molecular geometry:
In this bond there is a formation of crystallography which is also known as the orthorhombic crystal system. This is usually caused due to the stretching of a cube along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors which results in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base.
Dipole moment:
A molecule with two poles is known as dipole moment is a moment where there is a separation of charge. A dipole moment can occur between two ions is an ionic bond or between two atoms in a covalent bond. The product of the charge and distance between them is called the dipole moment. Dipole moments can help us to know the division of charges in a molecule. The product of the charge and distance between them is called the dipole moment. Dipole moments can help us to know the division of charges in a molecule.
A magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the size of the source reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment to remain constant.
In KMnO4 the electronic configuration of Mn is [Ar] 3d 4s2. Now to calculate the magnetic moment in this case Mn there is no unpaired electrons becomes five.
Solubility principle:
According to the principle of solubility stating that likes dissolves in likes meaning that that polar molecules dissolves in polar solvents and nonpolar molecules dissolves in nonpolar solvent.
Properties
- It is odorless.
- It is soluble in water acetone and methanol.
- It can dissolve in organic solvents.
- It is a very strong oxidizing agent.
- It has a molecular mass of 158.034 g/mol.
- It has a melting point of 240c and boiling point of 100c.
Uses
- Used in qualitative analysis.
- Used as a regeneration chemical in well water treatment for removal of hydrogen sulphide and iron.
- Used as a disinfectant to cure several skin conditions.
- Used to print fabrics, tanning leather etc.
- Used as a bleaching agent.
- Used as a pesticide.
Conclusion
Ionic bond is known as an electro covalent bond. This is a type of linkage which is formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. An ionic bond is actually an extreme case of a polar covalent bond which later resulted from unequal sharing of electrons rather than complete electron transfer.
In short, the ions are so arranged that the positive and negative charges alternate and balance one another, the overall charge of the entire substance being zero.
